CAN THO CITY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nghiên cứu một số biện pháp kỹ thuật trong nhân giống vô tính thiên môn đông (Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.) ở Hải Dương
Thiên môn đông có tên khoa học là Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., thuộc họ thiên môn (Asparagacea) còn có tên gọi khác là thiên đông, dây tóc tiên. Loài này được (Lour.) Merr. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1919.

Thiên môn đông (Asparagus cochichinensis (Lour.) Merr.) là một cây thuốc quý trong nền y học cổ truyền và hiện đại ở Việt Nam và một số nước châu Á. Thiên môn đông có tác dụng bồi bổ sức khỏe và điều trị một số bệnh lý như tiểu đường, ho có đờm, miệng lở, đau nhức cơ thể do hư lao…

Ảnh: Internet

Nghiên cứu do các tác giả Trần Thị Lan, Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Phan Thúy Hiền, Vũ Thị Thu Hiền, Trần Hữu Quý và Nguyễn Quang Tin thực hiện nhằm khảo sát tiềm năng nhân giống vô tính cây thiên môn đông để đáp ứng nhu cầu giống cho các vùng sản xuất dược liệu. Nghiên cứu này đã tập trung đánh giá ảnh hưởng của một số biện pháp kỹ thuật đến khả năng nhân giống thiên môn đông từ nhánh.

Cây thiên môn đông có thể được nhân giống vô tính hiệu quả bằng phương pháp tách nhánh trong điều kiện TP. Chí Linh, tỉnh Hải Dương và các vùng có điều kiện tương tự. Trong thí nghiệm, cây giống sinh tưởng tốt, không bị nhiễm sâu bệnh hại.

Số nhánh thích hợp nhất đề giâm là 1-3 nhánh; thời vụ giâm tốt nhất là vào khoảng 11/2 dương lịch hàng năm, giá thể tốt nhất sử dụng để giâm là giá thể 80% đất + 20% trấu. Kết quả này góp phần hoàn thiện quy trình nhân giống vô tính cây thiên môn đông, cung cấp cây giống chất lượng cho sản xuất an toàn dược liệu thiên môn đông ở Việt Nam.

Tạp chí NN&PTNT, Số 18/2019 (nhnhanh)
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