CAN THO CITY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hack gene động thực vật để chống biến đổi khí hậu
Khi nhắc tới thuật ngữ geoengineering (những ý tưởng kỹ thuật nhằm làm mát Trái Đất và chống biến đổi khí hậu), chúng ta thường nghĩ ngay đến các dự án quy mô khổng lồ như ngăn bức xạ mặt trời…

Hình minh họa. Nguồn: Eniola Odetunde/Axios

Nhưng theo một báo cáo mới vừa được công bố, chính phương án tiếp cận sinh học, cụ thể là hack gene (can thiệp vào DNA của động thực vật), sẽ mang lại hiệu quả hạn chế phát thải carbon tốt hơn nhiều. Nói cách khác, ý tưởng ở đây là chúng ta nên tìm cách thay đổi toàn bộ sinh quyển Trái đất để bù đắp những thiệt hại đã gây ra cho hành tinh.

Cụ thể, báo cáo của tổ chức The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation (Quỹ Công nghệ Thông tin & Đổi mới) đã nêu ra ba phương án tiếp cận sinh học mà chúng ta có thể theo đuổi nhằm ngăn chặn tác động của biến đổi khí hậu. Thứ nhất là hack các loài gene gia súc và vật nuôi để cắt giảm lượng khí thải. Thứ hai, hack gene cây trồng để cho thời gian sống lâu hơn và hạn chế lượng chất thải từ thực phẩm. Thứ ba, có thể chỉnh sửa gene của hầu hết các loài thực vật nói chung để chúng cô lập và hấp thụ carbon trong khí quyển tốt hơn.

Mặc dù khoa học còn chưa làm rõ hết tất cả những rủi ro không mong muốn hoặc hệ quả lâu dài của các công nghệ hack gene như CRISPR, chẳng hạn một nghiên cứu gần đây đã chỉ ra: cây cối hấp thụ nhiều CO2 hơn cũng có nguy cơ chết sớm hơn, … nhưng ý tưởng trên vẫn rất đáng để khám phá, bởi nhân loại thật sự không còn có thể chần chừ đối với sứ mệnh giải quyết hiện tượng biến đổi khí hậu.

Phạm Nhật

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