CAN THO CITY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Tái tạo cách thức lây nhiễm của virus HIV trong ống nghiệm
Trong nghiên cứu được công bố trên tạp chí Science vào ngày 9/10, các nhà khoa học tại Đại học Utah (Mỹ) lần đầu tiên tái tạo thành công trong ống nghiệm những khoảnh khắc đầu tiên khi virus HIV lây nhiễm sang tế bào người.

Virus HIV

Nghiên cứu này cho thấy vai trò của capsid (vỏ ngoài của virus) phức tạp hơn nhiều so với hiểu biết của chúng ta. Nhờ những tiến bộ của kính hiển vi điện tử, nhóm nghiên cứu đã có thể hình dung 240 protein tạo nên lớp vỏ bên ngoài.

Trước đây, người ta cho rằng capsid chỉ đóng vai trò bảo vệ vật chất di truyền ở bên trong. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu mới cho thấy nó không chỉ đơn thuần là một lớp vỏ bọc mà còn tham gia tích cực vào quá trình lây nhiễm trực tiếp sang tế bào người. Thêm vào đó, phần lớn capsid vẫn còn nguyên vẹn trong quá trình sao chép, hay còn gọi là phiên mã ngược. Khi nhóm nghiên cứu sử dụng các phương pháp di truyền và sinh hóa để làm mất ổn định capsid, virus HIV không thể tái tạo hiệu quả nữa.

“Chúng tôi đã phát hiện thêm những điều mới mẻ về một trong những mầm bệnh nguy hiểm nhất mà con người từng gặp phải. Đây là chìa khóa để tìm kiếm các phương pháp chữa trị mới cho bệnh nhân HIV trong tương lai”, Devin Christiansen, thành viên của nhóm nghiên cứu, cho biết.

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