CAN THO CITY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Phát thải khí nhà kính oxit nitơ ngày càng tăng
Theo nghiên cứu được công bố trên tạp chí Nature vào tháng 10/2020, việc sử dụng ngày càng nhiều phân bón nitơ trong sản xuất nông nghiệp đang làm gia tăng nồng độ oxit nitơ trong khí quyển, một loại khí nhà kính mạnh gấp 300 lần so với carbon dioxide.

Một nông dân đang phun phân đạm lỏng. Ảnh:Wikimedia.

Nhờ sự trợ giúp của 48 cơ quan nghiên cứu ở 14 quốc gia, các nhà khoa học tại Đại học East Anglia (Anh) và Đại học Auburn (Mỹ) tiến hành phân tích tất cả nguồn phát thải oxit nitơ (N2O) chính trên khắp thế giới. Kết quả cho thấy, nồng độ oxit nitơ trong khí quyển hiện đại cao hơn 20% so với thời kỳ tiền công nghiệp – từ 270 phần tỷ (ppb) vào năm 1750 lên 331ppb vào năm 2018. Mức tăng nhanh nhất diễn ra trong nửa thế kỷ qua, chủ yếu do các hoạt động của con người.

“Động lực chính của sự gia tăng N2O trong khí quyển đến từ hoạt động canh tác nông nghiệp để đảm bảo nhu cầu lương thực cho con người và thức ăn cho động vật. Chỉ trong 40 năm qua, lượng nitơ bổ sung vào đất trồng trọt đã tăng khoảng 30%”, Hanqin Tian, thành viên của nhóm nghiên cứu, cho biết.

Lượng khí thải N2O tăng nhanh nhất ở Đông Á, Nam Á, Châu Phi và Nam Mỹ. Châu Âu là nơi duy nhất có lượng phát thải N2O giảm dần, nhờ áp dụng các biện pháp sử dụng phân bón bền vững hơn trong nông nghiệp.

Quốc Hùng

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