CAN THO CITY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nghiên cứu khả năng tái sinh in vitro ở một số giống lúa (Oryza sativar L.) phục vụ nghiên cứu chuyển gen
Nghiên cứu do nhóm tác giả Lã Văn Hiền, Nguyễn Văn Thành, Nguyễn Xuân Vũ, Bùi Tri Thức, Nguyễn Thị Tình, Nguyễn Tiến Dũng – Trường Đại học Nông Lâm, Đại học Thái Nguyên và Ngô Xuân Bình – Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ thực hiện nhằm lựa chọn vật liệu và tối ưu hóa quy trình tái sinh, phục vụ cho các nghiên cứu chọn tạo giống lúa ở Việt Nam thông qua mô sẹo như đột biến, chuyển gen hay chỉnh sửa gen.

Ảnh minh họa

Nghiên cứu chọn tạo giống lúa mới có năng suất cao, thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu đang là thử thách đối với các nhà khoa học. Việc cần thiết phải ứng dụng các kỹ thuật hiện đại như chuyển gen, chỉnh sửa gen, đột biến định hướng, chỉ thị phân tử để đẩy nhanh quá trình tạo giống mới. Khả năng tái sinh in vitro ở cây lúa có vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình tạo giống thông qua mô sẹo (phôi soma). Tuy nhiên quá trình này chịu ảnh hưởng của nhiều yếu tố trong đó có giống và môi trường nuôi cấy. Đã tiến hành nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của 2,4-D, BAP và kinetin đến quá trình phát sinh mô sẹo, khả năng tái sinh in vitro của 4 giống lúa đang được trồng phổ biến ở khu vực phía Bắc gồm Nếp 87, Khang Dân, Bao thai và Đoàn Kết.

Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy môi trường MS bổ sung 2,0 mg/l 2,4-D thích hợp cho hình thành mô sẹo ở các giống lúa nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ mô sẹo dao động từ 78 đến 92%. Trong đó giống Khang Dân và Nếp 87 có tỷ lệ tạo mô sẹo lần lượt là 91 và 92% sau 28 ngày nuôi cấy. Tỷ lệ tái sinh chồi dao động từ 78 đến 83%, hệ số nhân chồi từ 4,3 đến 11,3 chồi/cụm mô sẹo trên môi trường MS + 1,0 mg/l BAP. Các giống này có thể là nguồn vật liệu tốt sử dụng trong các nghiên cứu tạo giống mới bằng kỹ thuật chuyển gen, chỉnh sửa gen.

ctngoc

Tạp chí nông nghiệp Việt Nam, số 22/2020
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